一般来说,当一盘棋进入残局阶段时,如果双方均士象全且都无兵(卒)的情况下,一方剩下两个(或两个兵种)的进攻子力,另一方只有一个进攻子力,这种类型的残局是需要重点研究的。主要有以下几类:马炮仕相全对单马士象全、马炮仕相全对单炮士象全、车马仕相全对单车士象全、车炮仕相全对单车士象全,等等。 我们知道,马炮仕相全必胜单马士象全,马炮仕相全必和单炮士象全,这就是所谓的“炮和马不和”。 车马仕相全通常情况是无法取胜单车士象全,只有极少数情况下,如果单车的一方子力位置极差,那么也存在车马方巧胜的可能性。 车炮仕相全对单车士象全,这种类型的残局,具体的胜和规律就要复杂多了,一般来说单车方可以守和(比如单车方在子力位置较好的情况下,看准时机用车换炮,形成士象全必和单车的实用残局)。不过,单车方如果子力位置不佳,那么车炮的一方取胜的机会也是挺多的。下面就来重点探讨一下车炮仕相全对单车士象全的残局规律。 以下两局是象棋教科书中关于“车炮仕相全例和单车士象全”和“车炮仕相全巧胜单车士象全”的棋例。 [td][DhtmlXQ] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_ver]www_dpxq_com\u005B/DhtmlXQ_ver] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_init]500,350\u005B/DhtmlXQ_init] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_binit]9999074849372599759947999999999999994241403020994499999999999999\u005B/DhtmlXQ_binit] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_type]中局\u005B/DhtmlXQ_type] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_result]红胜\u005B/DhtmlXQ_result] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_author]狼牙山人\u005B/DhtmlXQ_author] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_movelist]49594454594954444787448487478444\u005B/DhtmlXQ_movelist] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment0]车炮仕相全对车士象全,一般说来,和棋居多。如有取胜之局,大多为士象不整,老将高悬,或黑车被牵至底线等。若遇此良机,车炮方当不可错过。||||例和局:||||如图,着法红先:\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment0] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment4]黑车叫将后,仍回中路隔垫,并有车5进3弃车砍炮,形成士象全和单车的简明局势。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment4] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment6]拦炮简明,不必调整士象,以免造成失误。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment6] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment7]如改走炮一平二,准备下一手车二平四让开炮路,强行沉底攻击,黑可走车9进3跟住红炮,随时砍炮,亦是和棋。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment7] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment8]黑车再平中准备砍炮,一捉一闲属允许着法。红则无计可施,和棋。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment8] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_refer]http%3A//www.gdchess.com/%0D%0Ahttp%3A//www.gdchess.com/bbs/dispbbs.asp%3Fboardid%3D4%26id%3D102232%26authorid%3D0%26page%3D1%26star%3D1\u005B/DhtmlXQ_refer] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_generator]www.dpxq.com\u005B/DhtmlXQ_generator] | [/DhtmlXQ][/td] [DhtmlXQ] \u005BDhtmlXQ_ver]www_dpxq_com\u005B/DhtmlXQ_ver] \u005BDhtmlXQ_init]500,350\u005B/DhtmlXQ_init] \u005BDhtmlXQ_binit]9999695939484799759943999999999999994241405060992099999999999999\u005B/DhtmlXQ_binit] \u005BDhtmlXQ_type]中局\u005B/DhtmlXQ_type] \u005BDhtmlXQ_result]红胜\u005B/DhtmlXQ_result] \u005BDhtmlXQ_author]狼牙山人\u005B/DhtmlXQ_author] \u005BDhtmlXQ_movelist]7535201047291020694720104725102029072010434710203534201034641017474517193938191364601333483740306067\u005B/DhtmlXQ_movelist] \u005BDhtmlXQ_move_0_12_1]1019393819103565103048373036656040306069\u005B/DhtmlXQ_move_0_12_1] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment1_21]护住四路线底仕,红牺牲一仕换取吃一象的利益,可成必胜之形。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment1_21] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment0]巧胜局||||如图,黑车在底线,红可利用攻击手段,破象获胜。||||着法红先:\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment0] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment1]控制肋道,限制黑车行动,致胜关键。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment1] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment3]红方开始调整相位,以做好掩护红炮的作用,为顺利攻击做准备。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment3] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment11]双相到达预定位置后,中炮退回也很必要。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment11] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment12]另一种应着为车2进9,以下:\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment12] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment15]平车捉象,预计中的手段。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment15] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment17]升炮必然,如误走车三进四吃象,则车2平5砍炮,将成和局。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment17] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment20]由于红方高相预先做下伏笔,黑车无法再捉红炮,只得忍痛丢象了。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment20] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment25]得象后,退车保仕,红方胜定。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment25] \u005BDhtmlXQ_refer]http%3A//www.gdchess.com/%0D%0Ahttp%3A//www.gdchess.com/bbs/dispbbs.asp%3Fboardid%3D4%26id%3D102232%26authorid%3D0%26page%3D1%26star%3D1\u005B/DhtmlXQ_refer] \u005BDhtmlXQ_generator]www.dpxq.com\u005B/DhtmlXQ_generator] [/DhtmlXQ] [size=15.555556297302246px] 以下四局是在正规比赛中,专业棋手走出的残局,均为车炮仕相全巧胜单车士象全的形势,我们从中可以感受到,专业棋手的基本功非常扎实,对局面的判断非常准确,在看上去平淡无奇的局面中,发现对方的漏洞,并且走出正确的着法,最终取得胜利。 [DhtmlXQ] \u005BDhtmlXQ_ver]www_dpxq_com\u005B/DhtmlXQ_ver] \u005BDhtmlXQ_init]500,350\u005B/DhtmlXQ_init] \u005BDhtmlXQ_binit]9999693949486599709957999999999999992432514142994599999999999999\u005B/DhtmlXQ_binit] \u005BDhtmlXQ_type]中局\u005B/DhtmlXQ_type] \u005BDhtmlXQ_result]红胜\u005B/DhtmlXQ_result] \u005BDhtmlXQ_author]狼牙山人\u005B/DhtmlXQ_author] \u005BDhtmlXQ_movelist]6947453557593538707838367872363859583833485741527252\u005B/DhtmlXQ_movelist] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment0]车炮士相全对车士象全的残局,在对局中出现的机率很高。一般情况下,可成和局。但车炮方也有许多巧胜的机会。本局及后面3局都是介绍的巧胜局。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment0] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment5]飞相限制黑车活动,退炮、退车以退为进,腾挪手段,好棋。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment5] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment13]破士胜。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment13] \u005BDhtmlXQ_refer]http%3A//www.gdchess.com/%0D%0Ahttp%3A//www.gdchess.com/bbs/dispbbs.asp%3Fboardid%3D4%26id%3D102232%26authorid%3D0%26page%3D1%26star%3D1\u005B/DhtmlXQ_refer] \u005BDhtmlXQ_generator]www.dpxq.com\u005B/DhtmlXQ_generator] [/DhtmlXQ] [td][DhtmlXQ] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_ver]www_dpxq_com\u005B/DhtmlXQ_ver] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_init]500,350\u005B/DhtmlXQ_init] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_binit]9999295949486599539912999999999999996452513082990299999999999999\u005B/DhtmlXQ_binit] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_type]中局\u005B/DhtmlXQ_type] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_result]红胜\u005B/DhtmlXQ_result] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_author]狼牙山人\u005B/DhtmlXQ_author] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_movelist]121702061757304148370646594846765759413253335241485741523332\u005B/DhtmlXQ_movelist] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_move_0_10_1]7679537379594959413273723241727151507141\u005B/DhtmlXQ_move_0_10_1] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment1_19]破士红胜。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment1_19] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment1]残棋炮归家。退炮协调红车联攻,进攻线条清楚。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment1] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment9]调整士位,退贴身炮,利用守子助攻,准确。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment9] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment15]破士胜。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment15] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_refer]http%3A//www.gdchess.com/%0D%0Ahttp%3A//www.gdchess.com/bbs/dispbbs.asp%3Fboardid%3D4%26id%3D102232%26authorid%3D0%26page%3D1%26star%3D1\u005B/DhtmlXQ_refer] | \u005BDhtmlXQ_generator]www.dpxq.com\u005B/DhtmlXQ_generator] | [/DhtmlXQ][/td] [DhtmlXQ] \u005BDhtmlXQ_ver]www_dpxq_com\u005B/DhtmlXQ_ver] \u005BDhtmlXQ_init]500,350\u005B/DhtmlXQ_init] \u005BDhtmlXQ_binit]9999693949484799709985999999999999998241513042994699999999999999\u005B/DhtmlXQ_binit] \u005BDhtmlXQ_type]中局\u005B/DhtmlXQ_type] \u005BDhtmlXQ_result]红胜\u005B/DhtmlXQ_result] \u005BDhtmlXQ_author]狼牙山人\u005B/DhtmlXQ_author] \u005BDhtmlXQ_movelist]8555465655355636355536665559666870808264483742243948644249392402393842245919686348576368374868781911415080815152818352518353\u005B/DhtmlXQ_movelist] \u005BDhtmlXQ_move_0_10_1]826048574152808151505952\u005B/DhtmlXQ_move_0_10_1] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment1_15]破士胜。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment1_15] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment6]红炮肋道迂回必占一肋,攻子占位是残局中重要的手段。黑方不能长捉,否则判负。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment6] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment10]飞高象必着。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment10] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment11]调整九宫守子,曲线推进,正着。如误走士五进四,车7平6,以后以车换炮可成和局。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment11] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment31]打将破士胜。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment31] \u005BDhtmlXQ_refer]http%3A//www.gdchess.com/%0D%0Ahttp%3A//www.gdchess.com/bbs/dispbbs.asp%3Fboardid%3D4%26id%3D102232%26authorid%3D0%26page%3D1%26star%3D1\u005B/DhtmlXQ_refer] \u005BDhtmlXQ_generator]www.dpxq.com\u005B/DhtmlXQ_generator] [/DhtmlXQ] [DhtmlXQ] \u005BDhtmlXQ_ver]www_dpxq_com\u005B/DhtmlXQ_ver] \u005BDhtmlXQ_init]500,350\u005B/DhtmlXQ_init] \u005BDhtmlXQ_binit]9999293949484799059988999999999999994232404160997499999999999999\u005B/DhtmlXQ_binit] \u005BDhtmlXQ_type]中局\u005B/DhtmlXQ_type] \u005BDhtmlXQ_result]红胜\u005B/DhtmlXQ_result] \u005BDhtmlXQ_author]狼牙山人\u005B/DhtmlXQ_author] \u005BDhtmlXQ_movelist]8880747080837079485979738380737080834220834360420525405025555040558570605948405043134130855550404959608047698070555270602947607013104041476570606587607048577060394860705949706049396070528270501030\u005B/DhtmlXQ_movelist] \u005BDhtmlXQ_move_0_14_1]4030253570713948\u005B/DhtmlXQ_move_0_14_1] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment1_17]以后出帅破士胜。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment1_17] \u005BDhtmlXQ_move_0_26_2]324113436080476580704346708055258050594920022522\u005B/DhtmlXQ_move_0_26_2] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment2_37]破象胜。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment2_37] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment14]巧运车炮恰到好处,使黑方士象难以归正。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment14] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment26]红方出帅加强控制,好棋。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment26] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment29]控制士象活动,佳着。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment29] \u005BDhtmlXQ_comment49]破士胜。\u005B/DhtmlXQ_comment49] \u005BDhtmlXQ_refer]http%3A//www.gdchess.com/%0D%0Ahttp%3A//www.gdchess.com/bbs/dispbbs.asp%3Fboardid%3D4%26id%3D102232%26authorid%3D0%26page%3D1%26star%3D1\u005B/DhtmlXQ_refer] \u005BDhtmlXQ_generator]www.dpxq.com\u005B/DhtmlXQ_generator] [/DhtmlXQ] |
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